
                   Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
                   --------------------------------

                  ⢥    
                      ᠬ (FAQ)
                    ७樨  relcom.comp.virus

                ᫥ 䨪 29 䥢p 1996.


                             ।᫮
                             -----------

       㬥  ᮤন  ⢥        
 (FAQ)   ᠬ.   㬥  ४
      ⠪   ᥬ       ⥫     ७樨
relcom.comp.virus.

     ᫨  㦨  ᥡ  ⥬  ,    ண    
         ⨢  ।    
          ७,  ᫨      
- p       p樨, ᬮ  
ࠧ  㬥.      襭    
஡.

         砭,  ࠢ     ।,   易   
ᮤঠ  㬥    ୮  ਭ  騬
७樨 檨  祬 (ok@mid.donetsk.ua).


       1.    ७樨   ᠬ ?
       ----------------------------------------------------------

     , . ० ᥣ  SU.VIRUS - ⥫७  
FIDO, ᮮ饭  ன    짮⥫    RELCOM
(relcom.fido.su.virus).  ⮩ ७樨 - ਩  ⮢
(Fidonet: 2:5020/69.4; RelCom: dmost@dials.msk.su).

       ⠪  쭮    㣨   ⥫७権   
᭮ ⥬⨪,  ࠭  ᭮  ॣ.

     ᭮  㡥  ⥫७,     ன   㦤
஡, 易  묨  ᠬ  -    ⥫७
USENET comp.virus ( Ken van Wyk, E-mail:  krvw@cert.org).  
  ७          news-ࢥ   
RELCOM,  news-ࢥ  (news@kiae.su).

      ७  㥬,      ᮮ饭
ࠢ      㡫樨       ७     ᬠਢ
஬.     ஡   ଠ      ⮩   ७樨
ᮤন   FTP-ࢥ cert.org    䠩  virus-l.README
(⠫ pub/virus-l).  䠩 ᮤন ⠪  ⠢  ७樨.
蠥   㡫   ਠ,   易      묨
ᠬ,  ⨢묨  ணࠬ,      ᪫祭   㡫樨
᪨ ।. 頥 뫠    ७  
(    ᥬ஢  䠩),    ⠪      
祭.

     ஬ ⮣,  ஭ ᯨ᮪  ᮮ饭  -  VIRUS-L,
 ࠭    ஭  㬥,  ᮤঠ饣
ࠧ ᪮쪮 ᮮ饭.   饬  砥  ᮤঠ  comp.virus  
VIRUS-L ࠪ᪨ 筮. ⮡    VIRUS-L,  諨
  LISTSERV@LEHIGH.EDU 쬮 ᫥饣 ᮤঠ:

                 SUB  VIRUS-L  _

      ⠪ ஭ ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭  VALERT-L,  
ᮤন ⨢  ଠ    ந襤  誠  ࠦ
묨 ᠬ   ।祭  㦤. ਠ  
VALERT-L 㡫   VIRUS-L/comp.virus,   .  
ᯨ᮪ 㥬. ᪠     믮  ⠪      
VIRUS-L.


2.  ᭮ 筨 祭 ଠ樨  
                            ?
   ------------------------------------------------------------

     ୮ ⮨ ਧ,      ६  ଠ  
  뫠 㯭    㧪    ᯥ樠⮢.
    室    1991  .  ࠢ筮  㪮⢠  "ୠ
᮫"   (   ..㪮)      ७    ࠧ
. 쭮       ⠫  ᥫ஬,  
뢠  稭騥  ᫥⥫   ᮢ,      祬   
稭騥 ᮯ⥫.

     ᫥  室  ਮ᪮    ⠫  
ਠ 饭 ୮  ᮫.    殮  鸞
  ⠪    ୠ    "-",   "   ",
"મ"  㣨 㡫  த 㡫  
 ⢥ ᮫.

      ன  筮 ⭮    .ᯥ᪮
(E-mail:eugene@kamis.msk.su) "    MS DOS",  
諠   ᢥ    1992  .      ⠪  ᠭ  ᭮  ਭ樯
㭪樮஢  ᮢ,   ⠪  ਢ    ⠫
(ࠧ㬥,  ).

       ᮢᥬ   ⬥ 室 ⠪ ,   "襬
  ⨢" (  .).   ஡  ᠭ  
ᮧ ⥩襣    ⨢. " ࠣ     
㡥 ".  ਢ      室  ⥪  﫨  
ࠦ饬     ⪮஢            
ࠡᯮᮡ .

     設⢮ ஢ ⨢ ணࠬ ⨢  ⭥᫨  
 ⮩ . ⢨⥫쭮, १ 쭮  ⪨  ப  
࠭  -.  㤭 ,    ᭮
ࠫ , 室 ⥪  ண    ਢ    ⮩  .
   ⭮,  筮      ⠢
⠬    ⥫   ⨢᭠ ணࠬ  ந
  ᨣ, 㦥  ᯮᮡ  㦨.

     ⥫ ⨢ᮢ   ⠫          ᫥騥
  ""  稭  ᮯ⥫,  ⠫   뢠
  ,  祬 ⠥  ᮦ.

      㣮 ஭,           ࠧ
짮⥫   稭騬  ᮫    த  ᮢ.

                          ᮮ⢥⢨    
᪮-᪮ ⥮ਥ  "६  筨,  ६  ⠢묨
ﬨ" ୮ ୮ ᮫.

     稭  p 1995  .  p    p  p  
⥪ p p ⨢p pp      
  ⨢p᭮  pp  virserv@mid.donetsk.ua.  諨   
㪠 p 쬮   HELP       p  
p  pp.

     쭮  ஡   ଠ            
짮⥫   ᠬ     ⨢  ⮢  AVP
( .ᯥ᪨).     ਣ  ᮢ    ⠢
 祭     .

       襩  ୮    ଠ      ,
ᮤঠ  ਫ  䠣 AIDSTEST (  ᪨  ..,
E-mail: loz@dials.msk.su) - 䠩 aidsvir.txt.

       ᫥  p      p   p      p㣮
⢥  ⨢p  Dr.  Web  (p  p   ,   E-mail:
id@sald.spb.su).       ⠢  室  ⠫  ᮢ,
।塞  ० Dr. Web (䠩 "virlist.web").

     ᫨ ᪨  㣨  모      㦤,      ᬮ
 ᠬ ࠧࠧ ଠ        
ᯮ짮  㣨 ஢ ᮢ६  ⨢᭮  ஭.
        F-Prot  (   Fridrik   Skulason,   E-mail:
frisk@complex.is)      TBAV   (   Frans     Veldman,     E-mail:
veldman@esass.iaf.nl). ... 짮⥫ TBAV ୮  㦥  ⨫,
  ⪥ 祭 ଠ樨  ⭮ ,  ⨢
ᮮ頥,  ⠪ ଠ 㯭 ⮫쪮   ॣ஢
짮⥫ TBAV.

       㡥  筨  ଠ樨      ᠬ
᭠砫 ⮨ ⬥  "Computer  Virus  Catalog",    ⠪
࣠樥,    "Virus  Test   Center"      ࣠   (Hamburg,
ଠ).    ᮤন  쭮  筮  ᠭ  
ᮢ  ࠧ :  DOS,  Mac,  Amiga,  Atari  ST,  Unix.
 ⠫ 㯥 १ FTP   ࢥ:

            ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de (IP=134.100.4.42),

 ⠫:
                      pub/virus/texts/catalog.

     ᫨   -  稭    㤠      ⮣
᫠ த,      ᪠  ᪮  ⠫    㣮
FTP-ࢥ:

                               cert.org

 ⠫:

                    pub/virus-l/docs/vtc directory.

      ⠪ 쭮  p᭮  p᪮    
p pᠬ.          "Virus  Bulletin",
 室 筮   ୠ.

      ᮤন ⠫ ଠ     ,    
ᮦ, ᪠     -  쭮  ண  㤮⢨
(395 ஢  ).

       裡    ⥬,      㡥   쭮      ,
ᯥ樠  ଠ樨   , ਢ  
᪮쪮 筨.

        筨 ଠ樨    DOS-⥬ -  
"Computer   Viruses"   ᪠   National/International   Computer
Security Association.  ﭭ    ⮨  ਬ୮  75
஢. ஬ ⮣ ICSA/NCSA ᪠    ୠ  "Virus
News and Reviews".

     ਤন  ⮩  ᪮-᪮  ⥮ਨ  㪠  
⨩ "筨", " ⠢ ".   "Patricia  Hoffman's
hypertext VSUM".  㯥  設⢥ 㡥 FTP-ࢥ.

       㬥  ᮤন   ᠭ      ᮢ   
DOS-⥬.  ᮦ   襭 筮⥩   p 訡.

     ஡  ଠ    DOS-   ⠪         
㬥樨  ⨢  "Dr. Solomon's Anti-Virus ToolKit".

       짮⥫  ஢  "Macintosh"    ᭠
㤥 ଠ, ᮤঠ   ⨢᭮    "Disinfectant"
(  John   Norstad).               ftp-ࢥ,
ᯥ樠  ணࠬ ᯥ祭  Mac.


   3.       ⨢᭮ ணࠬ ᯥ祭
                    ᮬ freeware  shareware ?
       -------------------------------------------------------------

      ⨢ ।⢠    ᮬ  freeware/shareware
㯭  ⢥ ࢥ.  ਢ  ⪨  ᯨ᮪
   :

                       mailserv@altpi.altai.su
                       mailserv@chci.chuvashia.su
                       mailserv@cntc.dubna.su
                       mailserv@cs.kiev.ua
                       mailserv@monolit.kiev.ua
                              ms@f1.oryol.su
                       mailserv@inforis.nnov.su
                       mailserv@mark-itt.ru
                       mailserv@kiae.su
                       mailserv@riaph.irkutsk.su
                       mailserv@orgland.zgrad.su
                       mailserv@push.stack.serpukhov.su
                             ms@push.stack.serpukhov.su
                       server@tehinv.msk.su
                       mailserv@fagot.turbo.nsk.su
                             ms@kc.vladimir.su

     ( 祭 樨  ࠡ    ࢥ஬  諨  
ᮮ⢥騩   "help").

     ᫨   אַ      Internet,    襭  
⢥  砥.    ਢ   ᯨ᮪   ⢥   
㡥  FTP-ࢥ,    ⠪  ᬮ  
 ⨢ ணࠬ:

                   ⢥ FTP-ࢥ:
                   --------------------------

                         ftp.kiae.su
                         orgland.ru
                         push.stack.serpukhov.su
                         elvis.msk.su
                         ftp.pczz.msk.su


                     㡥 FTP-ࢥ:
                     -----------------------

                      ftp.netcom.com
                      io.com
                      ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de
                      oak.oakland.edu
                      wuarchive.wustl.edu
                      garbo.uwasa.fi
                      nic.funet.fi
                      cert.org
                      ftp.sunet.se
                      ftp.elf.stuba.sk

     ᫨    אַ 㯠   Internet,    騥  
 ftp-ࢥ  ⨢  ணࠬ      祭  
 ftp-mail.

     ᮪  ࠧ  ⨢  ।,    ᪨,
㯥  ftp-ࢥ:

                    cert.org (192.88.209.5)

 ⠫:
                    pub/virus-l/docs/reviews


4.  ⠪  "p p" ?
------------------------------------------


     ⠪,    ⠪    ,    ன  
짮⥫ ⠩ ࠣ ?  祫      묨
ᠬ,    ।⠢  祬-  ⠨⢥      .
⮫  ᮬ ⠪ 짮⥫  뢠  ᯮ  
 ன   .

     ⠥,   p  p  "p  p"  㯮p
p㤭 堩᪮ 㭨p  ()  .    1984  .    7-
p樨     ⭮   p樨.         p
"p  p"     p   pp,   p
ᯮᮡ  p  p㣨  pp  ⥬     䨪樨   
祭   ᢮ .

       p  p  ᠬp  堭  뫨
   ⨤   襣  ⮫    p    䮭
  p, p   p  "栬  p
p᮫".

     設⢮    짮⥫   p  "p
p"   p㬥      pp,     p     p
p (malicious) ⢨   ⥬.

     ᫨ - pp p pp蠥  㤠 䠩, 
     pᮬ, ⠪  p ⮣   
 p.

        ᯥp᪨,   p      AVP,      ᢮   
"p  p      MS   DOS"      ᫥饥   p
p p ( , p. 3):

     "p  pᮬ  뢠  pp   (..   p
ᮢ㯭 믮塞 ), p   ᮧ  ᢮  
( 易⥫쭮  ᮢ騥  p)   p    
䠩, ⥬  p, ᫨⥫     ..  p
⮬  p ᯮᮡ 쭥襣 ppp.  
⬥,    p樮  ⥬  MS  DOS   㤮⢮p   ⮬
p,  pᮬ, ᪮p ᥣ,  ."

     p   ᫮ "᪮p ᥣ"....  MS DOS....

     p ᪨ -  p  p  䠣  AIDSTEST  
᢮ p:

     "  -  ணࠬ,   㬥  ந-
 ᥡ  ᪮쪨 , ,  ਯ뢠    㣨
ணࠬ, , , ᮢ   ⢨."

       ᪮쪮  쭮  ࠭  ।,  
 롥६ ᠬ   㯭.

       -  ணࠬ,   ந    襩
୮ ⥬ ⢨     㦤     
 ன   ॢ.

      窨 ७ ணࠬ,   -   ணࠬ,
  ᯮᮡ    ࠧ  ⥬  ᠬந⢠,
.. 㣨 ᫮ ᯮᮡ ᮧ ᢮ .   ⮦  ६  
猪  ࠧ   ணࠬ         ᮬ
(來 pp -  ⠦ MS  DOS,  p  ᯮᮡ    ᢮
  SYS).

      ᥣ p p p     p
, p   ⭮.

      ᥣ ⮣ ᫥ ᭨ :      -  
 ࠢ ணࠬ,  믮  襬    ⠪
   ⠫ ணࠬ. 㣨 ᫮,  ⮡  ⨢஢
    믮 ணࠬ,   ᮤন  
.

        ""  ந諮    筮  樭᪮
ନ, ⠪  ᭮ ⠯ 㭪樮஢ ୮  
  宦  ⥫쭮  ᮡ -  ᪮  .
  ⮩    稭  ᭮   ନ   ୮   ᮫
⢮  樭,  ⠪            ࠦ
魮 ⮣   .

     ,        㣠  ணࠬ    ।⠢  ᮡ
祣-  ᢥ⢥.    ।  ࠢ,   
  ࠦ    ᮪    ⭮      㬠.
ࠧ     㭨⮦          
ᯥ樠  ।.      砥  짮⥫    ᨮ
 ᮧ⥫쭮 室   ஡, ..    
த ᮢ,  騥 ਧ ࠦ, ᪠   㭨⮦
ᮢ 騬 ।⢠.   樨   室,  
ଠ஢ ᢮   ᥣ ᯥ.


5.  ⠪ "p᪨ "  "᪠ " ?
----------------------------------------------------

     ᪨ ணࠬ   ᪨  ﬨ  ਭ  뢠
ணࠬ, ᮤঠ騥  ,  믮騩  ⢨,  p
 ࠢ ࠢ  稭 । 짮⥫.

     ᪨  ணࠬ-   믮         
-    㭪      ⮬  ந   ࠧ⥫
⢨    襩  ⥬  -    䠩,  ࠧ   ⠫,
ଠ .

     ᪨  ⠪   ⭮    ᪨  ணࠬ.
-  ६      ।묨    ࠧ騩   堭
᪨    ࠡ뢠       㯫   ।
ᮡ (⭮ , । ⢠ ᪮  ..).

       ⠪  ணࠬ      ⢥   ,   ਬ,
ணࠬ⠬  㢮묨    ࠡ,        ᭮.


6.  ᭮ ⨯ pᮢ ?
---------------------------------

      p  p   ᭮ .    
砥  ᥡ 䠩 p, p p .COM   .EXE  䠩,
  ᯮ塞 䠩. p    pᮢ    p
⠪ .SYS, .OVL, .BIN, .BAT 䠩.

       p    ᢮  p      p묨   
p묨. p p ⢫      p
䠩  p ᯮ p  pp.    ⠪  p,
 "Vienna", "Pixel"  ..

      p     p⨢    p  ᪥
p pp  p p㣨 pp p  ᪥  
p 믮 䠩 p権 (⥭, p⨨  p⨨ 䠩  
..).   ⮬      ⭥  p  "Jerusalem",  "Yankee
Doodle"  ..

     p  -  ⮢  p㧮 p.    p
MBR (Master Boot Record) - ⠡ p ⪮ ᪠,  BR  (boot
record) - ᥪp 砫쭮 p㧪 DOS  p㧮 ᥪp  ᪥.
p㧮 p ᥣ p.  p,    p墠뢠
pp뢠 INT 13  p ᪨ p  ⥭    .    ⮬
⨯ pᮢ ⭮ p "Stoned", "Michelangelo"  p㣨.

       ⠪     ⠪   뢠   䠩-p㧮
pᮢ, p  ᯮᮡ  p    䠩,  ⠪    p㧮
ᥪp ᪮.  p  뢠  "multi-partite"-ᠬ.
 p砥  ⠪  -  "boot-and-file"-p.    
⭮ ⠪ p  "BootEXE", "Invader"  p㣨.

        p    pᮢ,  砫  p
 쭮 㬥訩  ᢮ p p DIR.    p  
p ᯮ 䠩,    ⮫쪮      ⠫  뫪  
砫 䠩, ⠪    ⥯p 㪠뢠  ⥫ p,  p
  ⢥ p  ᥬ ᪥  !    p  p
᪥  pp  p  砫  p  p,    ᫥
p⪨ p p 饭 pp.


7.  ⠪ "⥫" (stealth)  ?
--------------------------------------

   "⥫-p" -  p,    p뢠  ᢮  p⢨  
䠩,  p㧮 ᥪp        ⥬.  pp,  p
稨   ⥫-p    ⪥  ⥭  p  䠩,
p   ⠢ p  䠩.    ⢨
p 믮 p ⪥ ⥭ 䨧᪨ ᥪp.

      ⢨  p ᢮ p⢨   ⥬  p
 ⮬,  p ⨢p        p  䠩.
,   믮 ⢨  ᪨p p    
p.

         p  pᮢ  ᯮ騬     ⮤   
p㧮   p   Brain.   ᫨      ⪠     p
p  p㧮  ᥪp,  p  pp  p  
⥭  p p㧮 ᥪp, p p    
"ᡮ" p.

     騬  pᮬ  ᯮ騬  "⥫"-孮  ⠫  p
RCE-4096 (Frodo).  p墠뢠  pp뢠  INT  21    p뢠
p浪      㭪権.  p  稨  p       
᪨p pp饭    p  䠩.  p    ⪥
㯠  p 䠩, p "뢠"     ᢮  ⥫  
⠢ p 䠩.

      裡  ⥬,  ⠪ ⢨   ᪨p  p  ᯮᮡ
믮 ⮫쪮    ⨢  (p),  筮  p
p㧨     _⮩_,  饭      ᪥  
祣  ᪠   ⪮  ᪠.        䠩
 筮 p .

     ⮬  p    ᫥  ⠭  ⥬    ⪨   
ᤥ  p㧮  ᪥,  p    p      砥
p᭮ ⠪.  , 筮,  ᯮ짮  ⥬  ᪥,
p 室   ⠢塞    p  pp
ᯥ祭.


8.  ⠪   ?
--------------------------------

     p    ᠬp騥  p  -      p,
p  p ᢮  p⢨,  p  p    䠩
 ᢮ , ⠢ pᯮᮡ묨.   ⮬  砥  p
⨢p  pp,  믮        pᮢ   
ᨣp (᫥⥫쭮 ) 㤥 ⢥ p㤭.

      p⮩ ⮤  䨪樨  -  p    p
箬.  裡  ⥬,      pp    ﭭ  
  ᯮ짮  ᪠   ᨣp,  ⠪  p  
pp㦨.

     p㣮,  ᫮ ⮤ ᭮    ᯮ짮  p
p⬮   p,   p   p   ࠧ   ணࠬ
஢.  ⮬ 砥  ⮫쪮        pp  㤥
p⢮   ⥫ p.     p  ⠪
p, ⨢p᭠ pp     p.

       ⠪  p  pᮢ,  p  믮  䨪
᢮    ⠢   (NOP)      p㧪
ᯮ㥬    pp.       p
p p⠭ ᥤ  (  p    p㣠)  
    (pp, SUB AX,AX  MOV AX,0).

        ᫮  饥 p   p
p SMEG, ⥪p  祭 p 믮    
⨢p.

       p,      祭  p  pᮢ   
p㤭  祩.    ⢥  ⨢pᮢ      ᯥ譮
p    AVP  (p  .  ᯥp᪨)    Dr.Web  (p  .
).


9.  ⠪ "companion" p ?
--------------------------------

     "Companion" p  p-⭨ -  p,  p  
p 饣 EXE-䠩, ᮧ  䠩,  p  
⮦ ,  p㣮 pp - COM.  p  㤥  室  
 ᮧ 䠩.

     pp,  䠩 EDIT.EXE 㤥 ᮧ 䠩 EDIT.COM.

      p  ⥪饬  ⠫      䠩,  p
      ⮦  ,    p  pp.  p  ⪥
᪠ EXE-pp    p,    㦭  pp
㤥 饭  ᮧ, c pᮬ. ᫥    p⪨  㤥
饭 p㥬 pp (EXE)  짮⥫ 祣  .

       ,    p   pp,   pp騥
   䠩,  ᬮ p  稥  ⠪
p.  ⮬ 砥  ⮫쪮 ᮮ    䠩.

      裡   ⥬,    p-⭨      騥
䠩, p p᮫  pᬠp   p.

      pᠬ  p㯯 ⭮ "Bug-920", "CloneWar"  p㣨.


10.  ᮪p饭, p騥  p
     p p᮫.
----------------------------------------------------


     BSI (Boot Sector Infector) - p㧮 p, ⮢ p.
     --------------------------

     BR (Boot Record) - p㧮 ᥪp DOS (Logical sector 0).
     ----------------

     CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) -   ,
     ----------------------------------------------     ᯮ-
   p    AT        p  ⥬
ଠ樨 (, p, pp ⪮ ᪠  ..)

     CMOS ᯮ p  筨  ⠭  (p)  
p  ⮩  p樨  p   몫祭   p      .
CMOS-   室   ⠢  筮  ᭮  ࠭⢮  
⢥,      饭 - pp.

     p ,  p  ⮫쪮 pp   
  CMOS,    ⠬ 室.

     DOS (Disk Operation  System)  -  ᪮  樮  ⥬.
     ----------------------------     p "DOS"  ᯮ   
祭  p樮  ⥬    pᮭ  p
 MS DOS, PC-DOS, DR DOS  ,.

     MBR (Master Boot Record) - p  ᮫  (absolute)  ᥪ
     ------------------------   (஦  0,     0,  ᥪ  1)
⪮ ᪠ pᮭ쭮 p. 筮    ᮤন  ⠡
ࠧ.  ⫨   BR (Boot Record) - ᥪp  p㧪
DOS (Logical sector 0).

     RAM (Random Access Memory) -  p⨢    p,  
     --------------------------     p p㦠  믮
pp 짮⥫.  墠뢠 p묨 pᠬ.

     TOM (Top  of  Memory)  -  p  p  ᭮  p⨢
     ---------------------          640  .     p  
  p      p㧮   p,   墠뢠   
p⨢   ᢮ pᯮp殮.  pp  p  p
㯭      p 稥 p.

     TSR (Terminate but Stay Resident) -  饥    p
     ---------------------------------    pp,    p   ᫥
᢮ p襭         ⨢p  p
믮 p ᫮, pp p ⨨  樨  
"Ctrl+A".  ᮪  p      pp    
p ⨫.


11.  ᭮ ᨬ⮬ p p묨 pᠬ ?
---------------------------------------------------------------

      筮  p,  p  㤨  
 p pᮬ  襣  p.  pp,  p
p    p  p  뢮  p  ⥪⮢  ᮮ饭,
p p᪨  p⨭      pp뢠  .    
⢨, p p  p室 p p  p,  
ᢨ⥫⢮  稨 p  ⥬.

       筮    稨  p     㤨      
(㢥祭) pp ᯮ  䠩,      (㬥襭)
⢠ 㯭 ,   ⠪      p    
ᮧ 䠩.  砥  p⭮  p    pp
䠩    筮 p .

      設⢮ pᮢ,  p, p뢠 ᢮ p⢨  
⥬. ⮬  砥 p  ⥬  p  pᮬ  
  p㦨 ᤥ pᮢ ,  ⠪    p  
㤥 ⨢ p뢠.

     p襭  䠩  ⥬   (祧   䠩      
⠫),  ᪠   p樨      ⥬      (FAT,
  ..),  ⠪ 讥  ⢮  pﭭ  p
 ⠪  맢 p᭮ ⠪.  砥 pp襭  pᮬ
CMOS, MBR, BR  ⥬ 䠩, p㧪   ⪮  ᪠  
 .

     p p p p㧮  pᮬ    ⪮  ᪥
      ᡮ   (ᥢ-ᡮ)   p,     p
ᯮ pᮬ    p  ᢮  ⥫.  ⮬  
 ⠪ p  p 짮⥫.

      砥  companion-pᮢ  p  p    㦨
ᠭ樮p 㢥祭 ᫠ 䠩  ᪥. ⮬  稥
⠪  䠩    EDIT.COM    EDIT.EXE      ⠫,  
뢠 p.

    ᫨ p ᪥  -  pp    饭    
᪥ 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡:

                           "Write protect error"

   ,    pp  p    ⨫  p
pᮬ.  ⮬ 砥 ᭨  ᪥    p  
p.

           pp      p
pp-pp,  p      砥   p᭮   ⠪   뤠
ᮮ⢥饥   pp.  pp,  pp  "Adinf"  (p
. ⮢) 筮  믮 p 楫⭮ ⥬.

     ᢥ  p    p    ⥬    㦨
  p  p    pp,  p⠭   p
㯠  ⪮ ,  pp㧪  p    ...
 ⠪ ,   p  p⭮  p  䠩  
p ᯮp⨫  .    ⮬  砥  p  ᪥  ⠪  pp
p  襬 砥 ᭥.    p稭   
맢  ᮢp襭⢮   ᯮ㥬   pp   ᯥ祭,
⮬ ⠪ ᯮᮡ p p 筮 .


12.       p  p  p졮  
        p 室  ⮬ 砥 ᮮ ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------

     ᫨  p㦨  ⥬ p      p  
 稥,    ᠬ⥫쭮     ,    
 p  p  p졮   .    ⮬  砥
   室   ᮮ   p    p     ⭮⥫쭮
pp⨪  襩  ⥬,   ᨬ⮬   p,   ᯮ㥬
⨢p  ..

     ᫨   ᯮ㥬      ⨢p᭠   pp    ᮮ騫
p⭮  p,  p p饭  p    
ᮮ:

     -  p;
     -  ⨢p᭮ pp;
     - p ⨢p᭮ pp.

       砥  p㦥  p⭮   p   ⥫쭮   ⠪
믮     p㣮 ⨢p,  ⠪    p
⨢p p⢠  뢠          p  p묨
.  ⮬ 砥 室 p 㪠    
⮣ ⨢p.

      裡  ⥬,  p ⨢p  ᫥  pp  ⥬
⠢ p ᨣp pᮢ,   p  "몠"
p㣨  ⨢p,   p㥬   p   pp㧪   p
ᯮ짮 p㣮 ⨢p (   RESET).

     ᫨    p⭮  p    p  
p   p⢨,   室  p    
ᨬ⮬,  ⠪  p㣨 p, p    襬  
  맢 p⢨  ⥬ p.

       砥 p  p p㥬 ᮮ  ᭮
pp⨪ 襩 ⥬:

     - ⨯ p  ᯮ㥬 p㤮;
     - p p樮 ⥬;
     -   pᨨ TSR (p) pp;
     -   pᨨ ᯮ㥬 pp, p ,
       pp p  ..

       ᢥ  㦭    p  p稭  p⥫
⢨, p    맢  pᮬ      ᫥⢨
ᮢp襭⢠ pp ᯥ祭.     砥  p㥬
p    p ᢥ.

      p pp 쬠  p:

======================================================================
p  !

      p p p ⠫ p᪨  pp㦠.  
᪥  pﭭ p.    p  p.

     p - Dell 486SX-25/4/120
             - MS DOS 6.22
     TSR       - 800, Keyrus 8.0
     QEMM 7.03, Smartdrv 4.5
======================================================================

     ᫨    p  㦭  p    p⭮  p,  
p  p⨢ ᢨ,    諨 ⮩ p樨  
p㣨 筨,    ⠪    p    p  
ᮮ⢥騬 pᮬ.  ⮬ 砥    室  㪠  
,  ⠪     p  ⨢p,  p  p㦨
 p.

      p pp ᮮ⢥饣 p:

======================================================================
p  !

     AVP 2.1 p㦨 ᥣ  ᪥  p  Natas.  ⥫  
㧭    p, 祬 ᠭ  Help-.

======================================================================

     p    p⭮  p    ⠪      
 ⨢p᭮ pp virserv@mid.donetsk.ua (. p 2).


13.  p pp 室 ᮡ 
    pp饭 p p묨 pᠬ ?
--------------------------------------------------------

       樭    ?  p쭮.  p䨫⨪.  
᪮쪮 쭮 ᫮ p, p 室 ᮡ  
p䨫⨪ p 襣 p. p  ⮣,  pp
  p         㬠   ᮪p   p⭮   p
-  .

     1.  p,    ⥫, "pp , pp
           p  pp  ".  p᪮  p
          p묨      p⠥,      
             砫⢠      pﭭ
         .

        p  ᥣ    ᠥ    ⥪⮢  䠩    
        .  ᥡ  p, p    p⠭
                襣  p祣  .  p    
        ᫥ 30  "     p浪".    砥
        -  p  ⢨      p   
        p ᫥ .

        ᫥  ⠭    pp  ᯥ祭  p  
              pp  .  ,    
        뢠 p  ⠭        pp,  祬
        㤠 p   䠩.

        ᫨  p祭  p⢠,   pp   
        ᪥.  砥  pp    p  ᪨뢠
           ᮤp ⪮ ᪠.    ⮬  砥
        室 p   p, p     
        p. ⮬ ⠪    p   ,
            p뢠  ᪥.

         ,   ⨪, ⮨  p饭  
        p, 㦥 p p    p蠥    ᮡ⢥
        ⮨ !

     2.    짮    ⮫쪮        㯫
        pp  ᯥ祭.   㦥   뫮   쭮   
        砥,     p᪨   pp   ⠢﫨   
        p  ᪥,  ᮡ  ⮣  p  ⥫쭮
        ᭨ p⭮ p.

     3. p᪨ ( p  ) pp   ⥬  
        稥 pᮢ. p p㦥 p᭮  ᭮
          pp    p  ppp.  
        ⮣  ᯮ        p   ⨢p,
        pp,  ⢥ p⢠   p㡥.

           pp 楫⭮ 襩 ⥬,  
          pp CHKDSK.

     4. p  祭     䠩   易⥫쭮   pp   
        騬      ⨢pᠬ.  ᯮ      
        p   ⨢p   (AVP,   Dr.   Web,   F-Prot,   TBAV)
           pp   䠩   "   p⥫쭮"     
        ᯮ짮  p᪮  .    ᪠   
        䠩 ⥫쭮 ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠쭮 p祭  
          楫  p,    p    pp   
        p  祭  ᪮쪨  ,  p  祬    
        ⠭  ᭮ p.

        ᫨ ⠪ p   ,    p  ᪮  
        pp  ᯥ祭  ⥫쭮  p㧨    p
        - p p, p    p㦨
        p  ⠭  ppp.

     5. ⥫쭮  ⠪     p   㯫      ᪮
         pp ᯥ祭.  砥 p᭮  ⠪  
        㤥   p  ᫥  ᪠    pp  
        p諠. ,    砥  p,    室
        㤥   ⮫쪮  㤠  p    ⥬,   p
        筨 p   pp    ⮬  ᢮  p㧥  
        .  p p   㥬.

     6. ⠭     p  pp  ᯥ祭,  p
         pp 楫⭮  p樨  (pp  䠩,
          p  ᮧ, p 㬬  䠩    ..),
        pp pp Adinf.  砥   p    㤥
         ⮬ ⥫쭮 pp.

     7.         筮    짮⥫
        ᬮ      ⭮-ணࠬ         
        ଠ樨 Sheriff, p   ⥬  ⮫쪮  
        pᮢ   p᪨  pp,    ⠪    訡  
        諥 ⢨.

          ᯮ짮  p᪨         p
        ⨢p p,   p        ⮨
        㦭  㬥  pp.

     8. ,  p ⮬  뢠  pᮭ,  
        p⠭  p    __  祫.   
            짮  訬  p    ⥬  ,
        -  ᪠        襣   .      砥
        ᯮ짮 p ᪮쪨  짮⥫ﬨ  롥p
        ⢥⢥, p 㤥 p᪨  pp  ⥬
         ⢨ pᮢ  pp  楫⭮.

     ﭭ ᫥ ⨬  ᫮  p      
 嫮  " ᫮⭮-饫筮 "  㤥  p浪.


14.  㦭 pp  砥 p㦥  ⥬ p
      砥 p   稥 ?
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     ᫨  p㦨  ⥬  p⢨  p  (pp,  
p 砫 "믠" 㪢, p ⠫  pp뢠  -
  ..)     p쥧 p      稥,
  室    pp      p      
⨢p p.

     p   ᪮      ⨢p   pp     ⥫쭮
p㧨  ⮩ ⥬ ᪥ 饭  p.  
p 易   ⥬,      p  p  p
pp   ⮫쪮  p    ᪥,      p  p⨨/p⨨
䠩.  ⮬,  ᫨    㤥   pp      ⥬   
pp⥫쭮  pp㧪,  p뢠  ⨢p᭮   pp
䠩   p p pᮬ.

     pp㧪  室  믮  _⮫쪮_      
RESET, ⠪   p  p  ᯮᮡ  "릨"  p  "⥯"
pp㧪 (Ctrl+Alt+Del).

     ᫥  p㧪  p     ⥬   ᪥   室
 ⨢p pp, p pp⥫쭮    
ᠭ  ᪥.  p  ⮬  ⥣p᪨    ᪠
- pp  ⪮ ᪠.

       ⮣,  ⮡  業  ⠡  p  襩   ⥬,
⥫쭮  ᭠砫    ⨢p     ᯮ짮   樨
祭 p 䠩.  ⮬ 砥    p    ᯨ᮪
p 䠩   ⨬   ᬮ  ⠭  
p p   ⥬. ᫨    ᬮ  ᭨  ⮣,
 ,  p p p p ᭮ "".


15.  ⠪ " p뢠" (false positives) ?
-------------------------------------------------------

     "False positives" -  ,    ⨢p᭠  pp
ᮮ頥  ⮬,  - 䠩 p p  pᮬ,    
ᠬ   p   䠩  .      p諮  
p뢠 ⨢p.

       p뢠  p室  -  ⮣,    
⥫ ⮩   pp p㦥 , p  p    
⥫  p.    p,      p   ⠪   p뢠
筮      筮   p    ᨣp          ᪠
(᫥⥫쭮   ⥫ p).

     p  ⨢p  pp    ⠪  "p㣠"   
p  㯠騪  EXE-䠩,      䠩   樭p   
p pᮢ  .. p pp  -  ⨢p  "AntiTime",
p ᮮ頥  稨 p "Time"   䠩,      p
  ⥪⮢  p  "MsDos".    p   뢠      
p㡥 ⨢pᮢ  楫    pp    pᮢ  p㯯
"Jerusalem".

       砥    ⠪    p뢠,     
ᮮ  ⮬ pp稪  ⨢p᭮ pp.

        ⨥ - "false  negatives".    ,
, p, ⨢p᭠ pp     p  稥
p  p쭮 p 䠩.    "p뢠"  
p  ,  ⠪      ⨢p   p⠭   ⮫쪮   
⥪p p pᮢ.


16.  ᪮p ppp p pᮢ ?
----------------------------------------------------------

     p ppp p      ⨯.  ᫨  
p⮩ p 䠩 p   p pp ⮫쪮  
⥪饬 ⠫,  祢,    讣  ppp    
. ᫨   p p, p  p  ⠫,
㪠  PATH  p pp  ⠫,   ⮬  砥
 ᪮p ppp  .

      p p  p  䠩  p  ᪥    
믮.  ⮬ 砥 ᪮p p 㤥     ⮣,
   ⥬  ᪠  䠩.    ⨢  p
p  p  䠩    ⮫쪮  p  ᪥,    ⠪  p  
p⨨, p⨨,  ⥭    ..  ⢥  p  ⮬  ᪮p
ppp p p 㢥稢.

      ⮬  砥 p㦥  ⥬ p,    
p㧨  ⮩ 饭   ᪥.      p
pp ⥬ ⨢pᮬ, p 䠩    ⠪
p.

      ⠪ p,  p  p      䠩,  
롨p   - p, pp, p    
饭 䠩.  p 䠩 ᫥ - p  .
 p,        楫  p  p⢨  p  
⥬. ⢥,  ᪮p  ppp  p  p  ⮬
⥫쭮 ᭨.

     p  ppp  pᮢ        ⠪   
p⭮ p ⠭. pp, p p  p⠭  
p   pᨥ DOS,  pᯮᮡ   p㣨 p.
 ⠪ p,  p  p⠭    㭪樮p  
p⭮ ⨯ p, pp,  PC AT.  ⢥,    
PC XT ⠪ p 㦥 p  㤥.


17.   ⨢p᭠ pp ᠬ  p pᮬ ?
----------------------------------------------------------------

      p樯 .    設⢮  ᮢp  ⨢p
pp p ᪥  믮  ᠬpp      砥  p
⥫쭮  ᮮ    ⮬  짮⥫.  ᫨     p
⥭    ⨢p,          ⠥     
.

     pp, AIDSTEST    ᮮ頥,      p
 pᮬ   p  p  p  p  p
pp.

        ⠪   砨,               ⨢pᮢ
ppp﫨  p᪨  pp,  p   p   
pᮢ,   ᠬ  믮﫨 p⨢ ⢨    ⥬.
p    ⮬  砥      pᬠp       p
⨢p.

       砥  뤠  ⨢pᮬ  ᮮ饭    ᢮  p  
 㤠  p,  室    pp  
믮,  p㧨    ⥬  ᪥,  믮     
㤠 p  ⥬ (. . 14)


18.     ⨢pᮬ  ANTITIME      p㦨      
    p  pᮢ TIME  p   㡨.   ⮦
    p AIDSTEST  p㣨 ⨢p    pᮢ    室.
      㯨 ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------

     p ᥣ ᯮ  쬨 ᥡ  p㪨 ;-)    뫮
⠪...

     -  p, p  砫  ࠦ  
䠩     "MsDos",  p    뢠    
䠩.  稫  p  'Time'.

      ⮬ 拉쪨    p  pp⠫  樭  p⨢  
pᮢ, p 뢠     p  䠩    ᠬ
  "MsDos".

      뫮  祣, ᫨       ணࠬ  'AntTime',
p p㦨   ᯮ 䠩 p  'MsDos',  稭
㣠 짮⥫ p pᮬ 'Time'. 祣 ᭮    
,   뢠    "p"  䠩  ᫥  
, ᮤঠ騥 ப "MsDos".

             .    ⠪  pp   'AntiKot',
ᠭ  .⨪,  p  㦨      䠩   
"MsDos", 㤠   ஢  䠩  ᮪,  ,    뢠
  ⥬ ᠬ p p 䠩.


19.     㧮筮 , p  p㦨
    騬 ⨢p묨 p⢠ ?
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     ᪨, 讥 ⢮  p㧮  pᮢ    
㤠   ᠭ  ⮤.

     pp 1: ᫨   ᮢᥬ p pp  ⥬,
                       , p⭮,   ᫥ ᯥpp.

     pp 2: p   믮   -   ⢨   
                       ⥬묨  ﬨ,  ᤥ    pp
                            p㧮 ᪥.

     pp 3: p p㧮 p (pp, Onehalf)
                       p ᥪp ⪮ ᪠.  ᫨   
                       ᬮ  ⠭  p㧮  ᥪp  
                       ᯮ짮 ⨢p pp,  p
                         ⠭  p,      p⭮,
                        p. ⮬     ,  
                       p  p  ,  㪠  ᯮᮡ  
                        p.

     pp 4:  ⮨    ⠭  p  MBR,
                       ᫨  ⪨  p ⨬   ⠭
                       ᪮  p  ⨯   ADM      -
                       ⥬ pp.    ⮬  砥  p
                       MBR  p  p ᫥⢨.

     ᫨  ஢  ᥪ 砫쭮 㧪 (MBR)
     --------------------------------------------------------------

      ⥬ 㧮 ᪥  㣮 (⮬) ,
  :
                         FORMAT /S   

                         SYS

     ᯮ  ⮣ DOS, 稭  5- ᨨ.

      䠩 FDISK.EXE   ᪥     .

     㧨  ஢   ⮩ ᪥.     
   "RESET"    몫    ᭮    ⠭.
   Ctrl-Alt-Del 筮  ࠢ쭮 ࠡ.

     ஢, 㯭    ࠧ    ⪮  ᪥.  ᫨
 㯭,      ஢    ࠧ  
९ᠫ ...  ⮬ 砥 ᠭ  ᯮᮡ      .
  ஡  ⠪  ⮤.  室        ᪮
।  MBR,  ⥬  Norton Disk Doctor (NDD)  
   ஡ ⠭  ﭭ  ᪨  ᪨
(ࠧ). , ᭠砫 ᤥ    襣  MBR.  ᫨    
,         ᤥ,      ⭮            ᫥
ᯥਬ஢  MBR.

      ᫨  p  ⪮  ᪠  㯭,     FDISK   
ࠬ஬:

                              FDISK /MBR

      ⮩  㤥 १ᠭ     MBR,  ..  
㤥 䠪᪨ 㭨⮦. 砭: ᫨  ᯮ Novell  DOS
7.0,    롨  ࠬ  ,    㪠뢠  
  ப.

     १㧨   筮  ⪮ ᪠.


          ᫨  ஢ ᥪ 砫쭮 㧪 DOS
          ----------------------------------------------------

      㧮 ⥬ ᪥  㣮 (⮬)  ,  
⮩  ᨥ DOS,    ࠦ 設.

      䠩 SYS.COM  ⠫ DOS  ᪥   
 .

     㧨  ⮩ ᪥   :

                                SYS  C:

     ஬  ஢  ⥬  䠩,    ⮩     㤥
१ᠭ  㧮  ᥪ  DOS.    ࠧ      㤥
㭨⮦.

     ᫨    ᢮    ᪮묨  ।ࠬ,    
ᯮ짮 ᫥騩 ⮤:

     1. 㧨  ⥬ ᪥,    ன    ணࠬ
        DiskEdit.

     2.  DiskEdit  ⠩    室  Boot-
        ᥪ  Master Boot-ᥪ (MBR), 稭  Partition table
          Boot Record  稥 ࠭ MBR  BOOT.

     3. ᫨  諨,   ᪠ p㧮 ᥪp
         Root Directory  BAD-ᥪ.

     4.   ᥪ  ᢮ .

     ᫨  ⠪   㤠    p      p
ᠭ  p権 ⥬  뫨 p祭,  p㧨
 ᪥  ⠭    pp .


20.     ⥬    p.  ⨢p  p    
      뫥稫 p  䠩.  p  ᪮쪮    p
    ᭮ . 㤠   ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------

     p⭮,    p  室    㯠   ᯮ塞
䠩. .. 䠩 ᭠砫  p pᮬ,    ⮬    㯠
  㯠騪 ⨯ Pklite.  ⮬  ⨢p    ᬮ  
p  ⠪ 䠩.

     設⢮ ᮢp ⨢pᮢ ᯮᮡ p p
 㯠 䠩 (AVP, DrWeb  ..).  ⮣ 室 㪠
ᮮ⢥ .


21.    pᮢ  p娢 ?
-----------------------------------------

     .      ⨢p      AVP,   DrWeb,    Search&Destroy,
Dr.Solomon's AVTK ᯮᮡ p  p娢 (ZIP, ARJ, LHA, RAR)  
p㦨   p.   p祣    pᮢ    p娢
宩 ᯮᮡ pp  楫⭮ ;-)


22.     pp p, p p  䨧᪨ hardware ?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

     p⭮, . p ᥣ   . p᪨  
  p,  p  㤥    p      p
p  ⥬ ⥭ᨢ  p饭    ⪮  ᪠
 뢥   p.    ⠪  ⢨  祭    
p  맮  p.    ⮬      ᮢp   p㤮
筮    p㤭 뢥  p ⠪ ᯮᮡ.

         p  릨  p,  p  ⪨
᪨,       ⥬  -    
 祬  !!!


23.      p,  p      p      
     몠 䥪⮢   祫   娪 ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------

     .  ᮢp 㪥 .   ᥣ    ,
p㬠    ,    ᫨誮    p   p   
p ;-)


24.  p 騥  Windows 95 ?
--------------------------------------------

     .      㦥  ᪮쪮.  p      -  Win95.Boza.  
 , p p ᪥  NewEXE(PE)-䠩, ᮧ  
䠩 ⥫ ᥪ  뢠   ᢮ .

      ࠦ  ᯮ 맮 GetDir, SetDir,  FindFirst,
FindNext, OpenFile, LSeek, Read, Write  CloseFile, 祬   
맮   KERNEL32  ᯮ짮 뫮    KERNEL32.DLL,
    Win95-ணࠬ.  ⮣, ⮡    㦭
  KERNEL32,  ஢  KERNEL32    ᠬ.  ᫨
  -      ᮢ  室         (
ࠡ稪 㭪権?),  ⥬ ᯮ       맮
᫥  㭪権. ᫨     㦥   KERNEL32,
  頥 ࠢ ணࠬ-⥫.

      ࠡ    쭮  :      
⥪饣  ⠫,    .EXE-䠩,   ஢         稥
PE-ᨣ, ⥬ 㢥稢       NumberOfSections  
  PE,          ᥪ樨   (   
".vlad"),  ⥬ 뢠 ᢮    䠩.  H  
ᥪ樨 ᮧ ⠪ ࠧ,       砥  ࠢ
 ᪥ ࠦ 䠩.

      ᪥    ࠦ    3-  䠩.  ᫨  
⥪饬 ⠫  ࠦ EXE-䠩,     室  
 ⠫ . ।  饭  ࠢ  ணࠬ-⥫
 室    ࢮ砫  ⠫,    ண  
ᮬ । 砫 ᪠ 䠩.

         뢮 ⥪:

 Bizatch by Quantum / VLAD
 The taste of fame just got tastier!
 VLAD Australia does it again with the world's first Win95 Virus
 From the old school to the new..
 Metabolis
 Qark
 Darkman
 Automag
 Antigen
 RhinceWind
 Quantum
 Absolute Overlord
 CoKe

 ⠪ ᮤন ப:

 .vlad
 Please note: the name of this virus is [Bizatch] written by Quantum of VLAD

         訡,      ࠦ  䠩  뢠
ᯮ祭묨.  ᪥ ⠪ 䠩 Windows95 뢮 ᮮ饭  
訡.
